Primary Works

Voices of the Night, 1839; Ballads and Other Poems, (includes "The Wreck of the Hesperus" and "The skeleton in Armor") 1841; Poems on Slavery, 1842; The Belfry of Bruges and Other Poems, 1845; Evangeline, 1847; Kavanagh (fiction), 1849; The Song of Haiwatha, 1855; The Courtship of Miles Standish, 1856; Tales of a Wayside Inn, 1863; Poems, 1886; The Poems of Henry wadsworth Longfellow, 1961.

Selected Bibliography 1980-Present

Calhoun, Charles C. Longfellow: A Rediscovered Life. Boston: Beacon, 2004.

Cavitch, Max. "Emma Lazarus and the Golem of Liberty." in McGill, Meredith L. ed. The Traffic in Poems: Nineteenth-Century Poetry and Transatlantic Exchange. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers UP, 2008.

Flint, Kate. "Is the Native an American? National Identity and the British Reception of Hiawatha." in McGill, Meredith L. ed. The Traffic in Poems: Nineteenth-Century Poetry and Transatlantic Exchange. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers UP, 2008.

McFarland, Ron. The Long Life of Evangeline: A History of the Longfellow Poem in Print, in Adaptation and in Popular Culture. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2010.

Mott, Wesley T. ed. The American Renaissance in New England. Detroit: Gale, 2001.

Parini, Jay. ed. American Writers: A Collection of Literary Biographies. NY: Scribner's, 2003.

Roylance, Patricia J. Eclipse of Empires: World History in Nineteenth-Century U. S. Literature and Culture. Tuscaloosa: U of Alabama P, 2013.

Wagenknecht, Edward. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, his poetry and prose. NY: Ungar, 1986. PS2288 .W27

Willis, Lloyd. Environmental Evasion: The Literary, Critical, and Cultural Politics of 'Nature's Nation'. Albany: State U of New York P, 2011.

Study Questions

1. Translate "A Psalm of Life" literally and say whether you agree or disagree. What are Longfellow's favorite words?

2. How has Longfellow changed or maintained his essential view of life between "A Psalm of Life" and "Aftermath"?

MLA Style Citation of this Web Page:

Reuben, Paul P. "Chapter 3: Henry Wadsworth Longfellow." PAL: Perspectives in American Literature- A Research and Reference Guide. WWW URL: http://www.paulreuben.website/pal/chap3/longfellow.html (provide page date or date of your login).  

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